डॉ0 श्याम प्रकाश ( एम. ए., पी-एच.डी. गोल्ड मेडलिस्ट, पुरातत्त्व विज्ञान)
अम्बेडकरनगर। अम्बेडकर नगर जनपद 260 28‘ 6.2220‘‘ उत्तरी अक्षांश तथा 820 41‘ 29.5584‘‘ पूर्वी देशांतर के मध्य स्थित है। जनपद का कुल क्षेत्रफल 2,520 वर्ग किमी. अथवा 970 वर्ग मील है। जनपद का मुख्यालय अक़बरपुर शहर में है जो तमसा नदी के किनारे स्थित है। यह नदी शहर को दो भागों शहज़ादपुर और अक़बरपुर में विभक्त करती है।
| अम्बेडकरनगर से होकर गुजरती तमसा नदी |
Dr. Shyam Prakash (M.A., Ph.D. Gold Medalist, Archeology)
Ambedkar Nagar. Ambedkar Nagar district is situated between 260 28' 6.2220'' north latitude and 820 41' 29.5584'' east longitude. The total area of the district is 2,520 sq. km. Or 970 square miles. The headquarters of the district is in the city of Akbarpur, which is situated on the banks of the river Tamsa. This river divides the city into two parts, Shahzadpur and Akbarpur.
| Tamsa river passing through Ambedkarnagar |
The Ghaghra river flows through the north-eastern part of this district. Basti district is situated in the north, Sant Kabir Nagar district in the north-east, Gorakhpur district in the east, Azamgarh district in the south-east, Jaunpur district and Sultanpur district in the south-west and Faizabad district in the north-west. It is an interesting thing about this district that after independence it was included in Faizabad district, but after the declaration of becoming an independent district on 29 September 1995, this district came into existence.
The Mughal power was extended to Lahore and Afghanistan including almost all of India, so how could the Ambedkar Nagar district remain untouched by the subjugation of this dynasty. We know that the Mughal emperors, their generals, local and central ministers, feudatories and commanders built Mughal architecture on the territory from Lahore to Bengal and from Kashmir to Andhra Pradesh, most of them Indo-Persian and Indo-Iranian. Very close to the architectural style. These Mughal emperors built many forts like Allahabad Fort, Agra Fort, Delhi Fort etc. Not only this, he also got the tombs of the pirs and the tombs of his warlords and his own built. The Ilbari Turk ruler Iltutmish is credited with building the first tomb in India, who is called the slave of the slaves in history. In this sequence, Faizabad district was also captured by the Mughal rulers. The first ruler of the Mughal dynasty was Babur, who was a resident of Andhijan city, Fergana Valley (Uzbekistan).
It can be assumed that when Babur had set out for East conquest, he would have gone from Delhi to the East via Ambedkar Nagar. In this sequence it is possible that he may have appointed some of his generals in this area. It is known from the study of Wikipedia and popular opinion that the Bahraich region of Uttar Pradesh was first established by Mahmud's nephew Salar Masood Ghazi. By the 12th century, he was worshiped as a Muslim saint. Presently its dargah is located in Bahraich only. It is believed that it also fought with a local ruler named Suheldev. Presently the residents of Bahraich worship it as their idol. It is believed that Salar Masood Ghazi had occupied Bhujgi and Surhurpur princely states of Ambedkar Nagar district. Since the time of Masood Ghazi was from 1014-1034 AD, it can be imagined that the Muslim occupation of this district was clearly established till about 11th century. On this basis it can be said that both the emperors of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal emperors would have ruled this district. Here the direct or indirect influence of the Mughal rulers is mainly seen. Since the Mughal emperor Babur continued to fight with his enemies till the time he lived, but the desire for expansion of the empire was also increasing in him, but it does not seem expedient to have ruled this area directly. It is quite possible that one of his generals was appointed in the Ambedkar Nagar district area to look after his empire.
After the death of Babur on 26 December 1530, his son Humayun ascended the Mughal throne. It is worth mentioning here that Humayun had inherited a vast empire from his father. Humayun was also an ambitious ruler, he had unwavering faith in astrology, due to which he used to wear seven colors of clothes in a week. It is quite possible that in the course of the victory campaign from Sher Shah, he may have also arrived on the land of Ambedkar Nagar, he also ruled this district indirectly with the help of warlords or commanders. It is known from Wikipedia that during the time of the Mughal rulers, most of the Ambedkar city was forested. After the death of Humayun on 27 January 1556, his son Akbar (Jalaluddin Muhammad) ascended the Mughal throne. During the time of Akbar, there were 15 provinces in the whole of India. Akbar was the first Mughal ruler who divided his empire into subas. Probably Ambedkar Nagar district came under Awadh province.
It is believed that in 1566 AD Emperor Akbar himself came to Ambedkar Nagar district. Where he stayed is presently known as Tehsil Tirahe. Jummah prayer has indescribable importance in Islam, so to fulfill this purpose, Akbar ordered the construction of a mosque next to Ambedkar Nagar Tehsil Tirahe, at present it is famous as Fort Wali Masjid. Akbar, realizing the importance of this place, established a town in his name, which is now known as Akbarpur. As there was no way to reach the other bank of river Tamsa, Akbar built a wooden bridge over Tamsa which connects present Akbarpur with Shahzadpur. For a long time it was famous as a royal bridge, but over time this bridge was made paved for the increase in the population of the city and for the convenience of traffic. On the orders of Akbar, Shahzadpur town was built in honor of his prince Salim. About 25 kms from Akbarpur. The city of Jalalpur was established on the basis of Akbar's original name, Jalaluddin, on the land situated on the banks of Tamsa (Tons river). After the name of an Iranian chieftain Naki, another town named Nagpur was built next to Jalalpur town. At present, both these historical towns are famous as commercial centres. Akbar visited various areas of Ambedkar Nagar with the royal army. It is known from historical sources that Akbar was also related to Jaunpur. A fatwa was issued against him by a Maulana here. Since Ambedkar Nagar is not located far away from Jaunpur, it was inevitable that the Mughal emperor Akbar was familiar with this area.
While conducting an archaeological survey in Surhurpur area of Ambedkar Nagar district, the author has got remains from a mound from northern black shiny pottery culture to medieval culture. In these medieval pottery pots, pots, pots, pots, jars, jars, spouted vessels etc. have been found, which seem to be related to the Mughal period. Since Akbar had visited different areas of Ambedkar Nagar and Surhurpur falls on the road going from Akbarpur to Jaunpur, in addition, Syed Salar Masood Ghazi had captured the princely state of Surhurpur long ago and settled the Muslims, so it can be said that That the pottery blocks obtained from this area must have been related to Masood Ghazi and the Mughal emperor Akbar. If the archaeological excavation work of this site is done, then many other facts related to Islam culture can be shed a lot of light. There is a lack of any kind of information from any source about the number of times the Mughal emperor Akbar had visited the territory of the city during his lifetime. But it can certainly be said that whenever he must have passed near this district in the course of his conquest, then he must have made his debut in this district. After Akbar, on November 3, 1605, his son Jahangir (Salim) became entitled to the Mughal throne, there is a lack of information about whether he had visited this district or not. It appears that he might have ruled the Ambedkar Nagar district indirectly with the help of his trusted warlords and feudatories. After Jahangir, his son Shah Jahan (Khurram) got Mughal power. Probably, Ambedkar Nagar district would have been ruled indirectly by it because probably no construction work has been done in this district by it. We know from historical facts that the reign of Shah Jahan is considered to be the golden period of Mughal architecture. In the last days of Shah Jahan's reign, his son Aurangzeb (Alamgir) fraudulently imprisoned his father Shah Jahan in the Musamman Burj of Agra and himself ascended the Mughal throne. Throughout his life he was busy fighting with the kings of South India and the Marathas. During the time of Shah Jahan, he was appointed as the governor of the South. Likely he also ruled this district indirectly like his father Shah Jahan. There are also indications of the later later Mughal rulers ruling the region indirectly. It is quite possible that the Mughal emperors of this time ruled this region through the Nawabs of Awadh.
On the basis of this description, it can be said that the Ambedkar Nagar district was ruled by the Mughal emperors, sometimes directly or indirectly. In this sequence, some monuments were also built, it is very possible that most of these architectures have ended. Still other remains of this period can be obtained from Ambedkar Nagar district through duly archaeological survey and excavation. The direct or indirect benefit of this work done in the district will definitely be available to the scholars doing research on this district in future.

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